{"id":876,"date":"2020-04-25T16:24:28","date_gmt":"2020-04-25T15:24:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=876"},"modified":"2020-10-27T11:39:24","modified_gmt":"2020-10-27T10:39:24","slug":"the-agricultural-treadmill-a-way-out-through-differentiation-an-empirical-analysis-of-organic-farming-and-the-agricultural-treadmill","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=876","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links alignright is-layout-flex wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\">\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-facebook  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/journaloftourismheritageandservicesmarketing\/\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12c0 5 3.7 9.1 8.4 9.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5 1.5-3.9 3.8-3.9 1.1 0 2.2.2 2.2.2v2.5h-1.3c-1.2 0-1.6.8-1.6 1.6V12h2.8l-.4 2.9h-2.3v7C18.3 21.1 22 17 22 12c0-5.5-4.5-10-10-10z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-twitter  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?original_referer=https%3A%2F%2Fpublish.twitter.com%2F&#038;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&#038;text=Journal%20of%20Tourism%2C%20Heritage%20%26%20Services%20Marketing&#038;tw_p=tweetbutton&#038;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=876\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M22.23,5.924c-0.736,0.326-1.527,0.547-2.357,0.646c0.847-0.508,1.498-1.312,1.804-2.27 c-0.793,0.47-1.671,0.812-2.606,0.996C18.324,4.498,17.257,4,16.077,4c-2.266,0-4.103,1.837-4.103,4.103 c0,0.322,0.036,0.635,0.106,0.935C8.67,8.867,5.647,7.234,3.623,4.751C3.27,5.357,3.067,6.062,3.067,6.814 c0,1.424,0.724,2.679,1.825,3.415c-0.673-0.021-1.305-0.206-1.859-0.513c0,0.017,0,0.034,0,0.052c0,1.988,1.414,3.647,3.292,4.023 c-0.344,0.094-0.707,0.144-1.081,0.144c-0.264,0-0.521-0.026-0.772-0.074c0.522,1.63,2.038,2.816,3.833,2.85 c-1.404,1.1-3.174,1.756-5.096,1.756c-0.331,0-0.658-0.019-0.979-0.057c1.816,1.164,3.973,1.843,6.29,1.843 c7.547,0,11.675-6.252,11.675-11.675c0-0.178-0.004-0.355-0.012-0.531C20.985,7.47,21.68,6.747,22.23,5.924z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Twitter<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-linkedin  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;url=https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=876\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=587\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=587\">&lt; Back to Volume 5, Issue 2, table of contents<\/a><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#1b3fab\" class=\"has-inline-color\">The agricultural treadmill &#8211; a way out through differentiation? An empirical analysis of organic farming and the agricultural treadmill<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9761-1614\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"15\" height=\"15\" class=\"wp-image-4454\" style=\"width: 15px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/orcid-1-e1603636867626.png\" alt=\"\"><\/a> <em><strong>Henning Otte Hansen<\/strong><em>,<\/em> University of Copenhagen, Denmark<\/em><br>Published online: 30 November 2019, JTHSM, 5(2), pp.20-26.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>URN:&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/nbn-resolving.org\/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-66332-2\" target=\"_blank\">urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-66332-2<\/a>, DOI:&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3601667\" target=\"_blank\">10.5281\/zenodo.3601667<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Full-text download:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/vol5iss2\/5-2-3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/PDF_Download_Logo-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-158\" width=\"47\" height=\"47\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Export reference:<\/strong><em><br><\/em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=2822\" target=\"_blank\">BibTeX<\/a><span style=\"color:#ffffff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">,,<\/span><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=2823\" target=\"_blank\">DataCite<\/a><span style=\"color:#ffffff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">,,<\/span><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=2824\" target=\"_blank\">Endnote<\/a><span style=\"color:#ffffff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">,,<\/span><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mendeley.com\/import\/?url=https:\/\/zenodo.org\/record\/3601667\" target=\"_blank\">Mendeley<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=2151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/crossmark2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2066\" width=\"97\" height=\"20\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/crossmark2.png 470w, https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/crossmark2-300x62.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 97px) 100vw, 97px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Purpose:<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em><em>The agricultural treadmill is explored, describing how technology create productivity gains for the benefit of progressive farmers, but where the result is also increased supply, falling prices, economic problems for laggard farmers and thus the need for new achievements in technology. To escape from this treadmill,&nbsp; farmers try to diversify into new more attractive segments, like agro-tourism and organic agriculture.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Methods:<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em><em>The elements and processes in the treadmill are described and supported by empirical time series. Possibilities of delaying or stopping the treadmill are discussed. A hypothesis is raised, whether organic farming is able to escape the treadmill; it is answered from both a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Empirical analysis is based on Danish agriculture, which has a significant organic agricultural production. <\/em><em>&nbsp;<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Results:<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em><em>The major finding is, that the structural and productivity developments and price trends are almost identical in the organic and conventional agriculture<\/em><em>. Findings do not validate the initial hypothesis raised, whether conditions like economies of scale, structural development, productivity pressures and real price declines are significantly different in organic agriculture.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Implications:<\/em><\/strong><em> Differentiated products such as organic products can only reduce or delay the conditions under which agriculture operates. It is difficult to differentiate even organic foods, and with low entry barriers and fixed assets, long term prices of organic products will not increase significantly more than prices of conventional products.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Treadmill, organic agriculture, differentiation, productivity, Blue Ocean<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>JEL Classification:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N5, Q1, Q12<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=873\">&lt; Previous article in Vol. 5, Iss. 2<\/a><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">aaaaaaaaaaa<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=879\">Next article in Vol. 5, Iss. 2 &gt;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">a<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&lt; Back to Volume 5, Issue 2, table of contents a The agricultural treadmill \u2013 a way out through differentiation? An empirical analysis of organic farming and the agricultural treadmill Henning Otte Hansen, University of Copenhagen, DenmarkPublished online: 30 November 2019, JTHSM, 5(2), pp.20-26. URN:\u00a0urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-66332-2, DOI:\u00a010.5281\/zenodo.3601667 Full-text download: Export reference:BibTeX,,DataCite,,Endnote,,Mendeley Abstract: Purpose: The agricultural treadmill [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-876","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=876"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/876\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4840,"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/876\/revisions\/4840"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}