{"id":5510,"date":"2021-02-10T11:59:15","date_gmt":"2021-02-10T10:59:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=5510"},"modified":"2021-11-08T11:24:09","modified_gmt":"2021-11-08T10:24:09","slug":"5510-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=5510","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links alignright is-layout-flex wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\">\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-facebook  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/journaloftourismheritageandservicesmarketing\/\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12c0 5 3.7 9.1 8.4 9.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5 1.5-3.9 3.8-3.9 1.1 0 2.2.2 2.2.2v2.5h-1.3c-1.2 0-1.6.8-1.6 1.6V12h2.8l-.4 2.9h-2.3v7C18.3 21.1 22 17 22 12c0-5.5-4.5-10-10-10z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-twitter  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?original_referer=https%3A%2F%2Fpublish.twitter.com%2F&#038;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&#038;text=Journal%20of%20Tourism%2C%20Heritage%20%26%20Services%20Marketing&#038;tw_p=tweetbutton&#038;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=3687\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M22.23,5.924c-0.736,0.326-1.527,0.547-2.357,0.646c0.847-0.508,1.498-1.312,1.804-2.27 c-0.793,0.47-1.671,0.812-2.606,0.996C18.324,4.498,17.257,4,16.077,4c-2.266,0-4.103,1.837-4.103,4.103 c0,0.322,0.036,0.635,0.106,0.935C8.67,8.867,5.647,7.234,3.623,4.751C3.27,5.357,3.067,6.062,3.067,6.814 c0,1.424,0.724,2.679,1.825,3.415c-0.673-0.021-1.305-0.206-1.859-0.513c0,0.017,0,0.034,0,0.052c0,1.988,1.414,3.647,3.292,4.023 c-0.344,0.094-0.707,0.144-1.081,0.144c-0.264,0-0.521-0.026-0.772-0.074c0.522,1.63,2.038,2.816,3.833,2.85 c-1.404,1.1-3.174,1.756-5.096,1.756c-0.331,0-0.658-0.019-0.979-0.057c1.816,1.164,3.973,1.843,6.29,1.843 c7.547,0,11.675-6.252,11.675-11.675c0-0.178-0.004-0.355-0.012-0.531C20.985,7.47,21.68,6.747,22.23,5.924z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Twitter<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-linkedin  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;url=https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=3687\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=5317\">&lt; Back to Volume 7, Issue 1, table of contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#1b3fab\" class=\"has-inline-color\">The impact of external factors on ICT usage practices at UNESCO World Heritage Sites<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8707-6782\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"15\" height=\"15\" class=\"wp-image-4454\" style=\"width: 15px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/orcid-1-e1603636867626.png\" alt=\"\"><\/a> <em><strong>Thereza Mugobi<\/strong>,&nbsp;Open University of Tanzania, Tanzania<\/em> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9455-958X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"15\" height=\"15\" class=\"wp-image-4454\" style=\"width: 15px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/orcid-1-e1603636867626.png\" alt=\"\"><\/a> <em><strong>Shogo Mlozi<\/strong>, National College of Tourism, Tanzania<\/em><br>Published online: 15 February 2021, JTHSM, 7(1), pp.3-12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>URN:&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/nbn-resolving.org\/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-69874-0\" target=\"_blank\">urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-69874-0<\/a>, DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.4514800\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.5281\/zenodo.4514800<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Full-text download:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/vol7iss1\/7-1-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/PDF_Download_Logo-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-158\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Export reference:<\/strong><em><br><\/em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=5404\" target=\"_blank\">BibTeX<\/a><span style=\"color:#ffffff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">,,<\/span><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=5405\" target=\"_blank\">DataCite<\/a><span style=\"color:#ffffff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">,,<\/span><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=5406\" target=\"_blank\">Dublin Core<\/a><span style=\"color:#ffffff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">,,<\/span><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mendeley.com\/import\/?url=https:\/\/zenodo.org\/record\/4514800\" target=\"_blank\">Mendeley<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cite as:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mugobi, T., &amp; Mlozi, S. (2021). The impact of external factors on ICT usage practices at UNESCO World Heritage Sites.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Tourism, Heritage &amp; Services Marketing, 7<\/em>(1), 3\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.4514800<\/p>\n\n\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/cdn.plu.mx\/widget-popup.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/plu.mx\/plum\/a\/?ssrn_id=3783670\" data-popup=\"right\" data-badge=\"true\" class=\"plumx-plum-print-popup plum-liberty-theme\" data-site=\"plum\" data-hide-when-empty=\"true\">The Impact of External Factors on ICT Usage Practices at Unesco World Heritage Sites<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=5363\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/crossmark2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2066\" width=\"97\" height=\"20\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/crossmark2.png 470w, https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/crossmark2-300x62.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 97px) 100vw, 97px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Purpose<\/em><\/strong><em>: <em>This study aimed to assess the external factors influencing ICT usage at UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS), focusing on exploring practices Tanzania. The study proposed and tested two hypotheses: a) there is a significant relationship between perceived pressure from competitors and ICT usage in WHS, and b) there is a significant relationship between perceived pressure from customers\/visitors and ICT usage in WHS<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Methods<\/em><\/strong><em>: <em>Data for this study were collected from 238 UNESCO World Heritage Site decision-makers in Tanzania. These respondents were stratified into three strata, based on UNESCO&#8217;s categorization of site type (nature, mixed, and culture). Systematic random sampling was used to select respondents from each stratum according to their ratio in the total population. Testing of the hypotheses involved structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. Chi-square\/Degree of freedom (CMIN\/DF), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used as criteria for estimation of goodness of fit indices<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Results<\/em><\/strong><em>: <em>The findings indicated that perceived competitive pressure and perceived pressure from customers had a positive influence on ICT usage at WHS. This study confirms the T.O.E theory by Tornatzky and Fleischer (1990), which postulate that decision to use a new ICT system within the organization is determined by environmental factors which include features in which the firms conduct business such as competitors and its customers<\/em>. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Implications<\/em><\/strong><em>: <em>For the success of any tourism business, particularly UNESCO World Heritage Sites, ICT usage is inevitable for their site&#8217;s performance. For destination management organisations, the current study is important for policy formulation, particularly in relation to ICT usage by the tourism industry at the destination to create a conducive business environment that may assist tourism growth related to World Heritage Sites<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> UNESCO World Heritage Sites, tourism policy, heritage tourism, ICT usage, Tanzania<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>JEL Classification: <\/strong>N7, L83, Z39<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=5505\">&lt; Previous article in Vol. 7, Iss. 1<\/a><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">aaaaaaaaaaa<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/?page_id=5513\">Next article in Vol. 7, Iss. 1 &gt;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&lt; Back to Volume 7, Issue 1, table of contents a The impact of external factors on ICT usage practices at UNESCO World Heritage Sites Thereza Mugobi,\u00a0Open University of Tanzania, Tanzania &amp; Shogo Mlozi, National College of Tourism, TanzaniaPublished online: 15 February 2021, JTHSM, 7(1), pp.3-12. URN:\u00a0urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-69874-0, DOI:\u00a010.5281\/zenodo.4514800 Full-text download: Export reference:BibTeX,,DataCite,,Dublin Core,,Mendeley Cite as: [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5510","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5510"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6082,"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5510\/revisions\/6082"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jthsm.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}