Volume 7, Issue 1, 2021
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The complete Volume 7, Issue 1, 2021, is available to download here! Detailed information for each paper included in Volume 7, Issue 1, 2021, is presented bellow:
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Evangelos Christou, Editor-in-Chief, International Hellenic University, Greece
Published online: 15 February 2021, JTHSM, 7(1), pp.1-2.
We are pleased to present the thirteenth publication of JTHSM (volume 7, issue 1), the first issue in its seventh year of publication. In previous issues, this journal presented original refereed papers, both conceptual and research-based, focused on various topics of tourism, heritage, and services with an emphasis on marketing and management. Volume 7, issue 1 focus on furthering the journal’s scope and consolidating its position in both conceptual developments and practical applications in tourism, heritage, and services through publication of nine quality manuscripts: seven full papers that underwent rigorous double-blind reviewing, a commentary and a book review.
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Christou, E. (2021). Editorial. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 7(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5552592
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FULL PAPERS:
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The impact of external factors on ICT usage practices at UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Thereza Mugobi, Open University of Tanzania, Tanzania & Shogo Mlozi, National College of Tourism, Tanzania
Published online: 15 February 2021, JTHSM, 7(1), pp.3-12.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-71575-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4514800
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the external factors influencing ICT usage at UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS), focusing on exploring practices Tanzania. The study proposed and tested two hypotheses: a) there is a significant relationship between perceived pressure from competitors and ICT usage in WHS, and b) there is a significant relationship between perceived pressure from customers/visitors and ICT usage in WHS.
Methods: Data for this study were collected from 238 UNESCO World Heritage Site decision-makers in Tanzania. These respondents were stratified into three strata, based on UNESCO’s categorization of site type (nature, mixed, and culture). Systematic random sampling was used to select respondents from each stratum according to their ratio in the total population. Testing of the hypotheses involved structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. Chi-square/Degree of freedom (CMIN/DF), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used as criteria for estimation of goodness of fit indices.
Results: The findings indicated that perceived competitive pressure and perceived pressure from customers had a positive influence on ICT usage at WHS. This study confirms the T.O.E theory by Tornatzky and Fleischer (1990), which postulate that decision to use a new ICT system within the organization is determined by environmental factors which include features in which the firms conduct business such as competitors and its customers.
Implications: For the success of any tourism business, particularly UNESCO World Heritage Sites, ICT usage is inevitable for their site’s performance. For destination management organisations, the current study is important for policy formulation, particularly in relation to ICT usage by the tourism industry at the destination to create a conducive business environment that may assist tourism growth related to World Heritage Sites.
Keywords: UNESCO World Heritage Sites, tourism policy, heritage tourism, ICT usage, Tanzania
JEL Classification: N7, L83, Z39
The Impact of External Factors on ICT Usage Practices at Unesco World Heritage Sites
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Mugobi, T., & Mlozi, S. (2021). The impact of external factors on ICT usage practices at UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 7(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4514800
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The impact of COVID-19 on Italian accommodation: A supply-perspective
Giacomo Del Chiappa, University of Sassari, Italy, Ilenia Bregoli University of Lincoln, United Kingdom & Anestis K. Fotiadis, Zayed University, United Arab Emirates
Published online: 15 February 2021, JTHSM, 7(1), pp.13-22.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-71554-3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4516187
Abstract
Purpose: The current COVID-19 pandemic has created an extremely dynamic and uncertain environment in which businesses find it very difficult to operate, particularly those in the hospitality industry. It is therefore very important to understand which actions hospitality businesses think the private and public sectors should adopt in order to cope with the pandemic and its impact. To facilitate this, this research adopted chaos theory to investigate Italian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the hospitality sector.
Methods: A mixed method approach, based on a convergent parallel design data validation variant, was adopted. A survey with open and closed questions was developed and sent to a sample of businesses. 1,040 completed questionnaires were collected and analysed through descriptive statistics; in addition to these usable surveys, 361 open-ended answers were analysed thematically.
Results: The results showed that Italian entrepreneurs and managers were over-relying on interventions from the public sector and that there was a lack of business actions being made, thus evidencing a deficit in terms of long-term strategic thinking and the innovation required during such turbulent times.
Implications: Although these results cannot be generalised to the whole of the hospitality industry, they shed light on important elements that industry associations should take into account.
Keywords: chaos theory, COVID-19, accommodation, mixed method, convergent parallel design, Italy
JEL Classification: H12, I15, L83
The Impact of Covid-19 on Italian Accommodation: A Supply-Perspective
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Del Chiappa, G., Bregoli, I., & Fotiadis, A. K. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on Italian accommodation: A supply-perspective. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 7(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4516187
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Culinary tourism and post-pandemic travel: Ecosystem responses to an external shock
Pauline A. Milwood, Pennsylvania State University, USA, & Anne P. Crick, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica
Published online: 15 February 2021, JTHSM, 7(1), pp.23-32.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-71557-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4516562
Abstract
Purpose: The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic forced hospitality and tourism service providers to respond by pivoting business models in line with governmental restrictions to curb the spread of the virus. This paper explores the online responsiveness of tourism-affiliated culinary service providers to a major external disruption.
Methods: This study uses ecosystem resilience and Internet marketing theories to analyze 139 web homepages of culinary tourism service providers promoted by the official tourism website of Jamaica, to measure of Jamaica to measure online responsiveness to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: Findings show that web page responses vary between the official tourism web page and the restaurants promoted on its site. Responses also vary across restaurant affiliation clusters and across location clusters. Further, resilient web page responses are more commonly associated with hotel restaurants and eponymous restaurants.
Implications: Culinary service providers promoted by the official tourism marketing arm of a destination should consistently practice resilient online marketing response to external shocks. This study provides a novel analysis of online responsiveness to COVID-19 and contributes a summary framework for resilient response by culinary ecosystem providers preparing for post-pandemic travel.
Keywords: COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), culinary tourism, ecosystems, Jamaica, resilient, external shock
JEL Classification: H12, L66, R41
Culinary Tourism and Post-Pandemic Travel: Ecosystem Responses to an External Shock
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Milwood, P. A., & Crick, A. P. (2021). Culinary tourism and post-pandemic travel: Ecosystem responses to an external shock. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 7(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4516562
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Sieving tourism destinations: Decision-making processes and destination choice implications
Shaul Krakover, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel & Andrea Corsale, University of Cagliari, Italy
Published online: 15 February 2021, JTHSM, 7(1), pp.33-43.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-71558-3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4518923
Abstract
Purpose: To introduce and define the concept of sieving tourism destinations as an umbrella term representing faster decision-making processes compared to destination choice models, and to demonstrate its usefulness for both sides of consumption and production of tourism attractions.
Methods: Fast decision at the consumers’ demand side is demonstrated via an exploratory graphic model. Producers’ supply side sieving is measured by observing data elimination on two public serving internet platforms compared to a baseline taken from special interest group tour operators representing Jewish heritage attractions in Sicily and Thessaloniki.
Results: On the demand side, nowadays market conditions enable destination choice decision making in a few simple steps often interpreted as spontaneous, intuitive, or irrational. Quantitative analyses on the supply side provided measurable sieving ratios. They reveal careful partial sieving performed at local level editorship, while much harsher sieving occurs on social media platforms. This is interpreted as a market failure related to niche and special interest groups attractions.
Implications: The demand side findings call for targeted marketing distinguishing customers not only by income but also by temperament, mood, and personality. The supply side findings call for careful examination of the conditions for inclusion and exclusion from the list of attractions as well as the need to remedy the concealment of minor attractions from social media platforms.
Keywords: destination choice, sieving ratio, Sicily, Thessaloniki, Jewish heritage tourism
JEL Classification: C44, L83, Z39
Sieving Tourism Destinations: Decision-Making Processes and Destination Choice Implications
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Krakover, S., & Corsale, A. (2021). Sieving tourism destinations: Decision-making processes and destination choice implications. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 7(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4518923
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Christina Bonarou, Hellenic Open University, Greece
Published online: 15 February 2021, JTHSM, 7(1), pp.44-53.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-71559-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4519317
Abstract
Purpose: Visual representations, as the mechanism of tourism discourses, are vital to the constructed realities of tourism. This paper aims to contribute to ongoing research on tourist postcards and tourist imagery, exploring how contemporary photographic tourist postcards act as narratives of cultural representations and national identities, and how they constitute a ‘poetics of travel’ by communicating ‘myths’ about particular destinations.
Methods: The methodology has followed the semiotic analysis along with a critical approach, focusing on a corpus of approximately 4,200 picture postcards issued between 2003 and 2019. In addition to adopting a discourse approach, the study can be considered as ‘auto-ethnographic’ since it analyses the postcards as visual texts of Greece, which have been produced within Greece (by Greek editors and Greek photographers) and as the analysis has been made by a Greek researcher.
Results: The findings present some similarities and differences to those outlined in previous exploratory research, and clearly establish that throughout the years contemporary Greece keeps focusing on its self-representation as a historic, authentic and romantic tourist destination; as a the ‘cradle of western civilization” and as an “unchanged paradise on earth”.
Implications: Findings indicate that visual representations as the mechanism of tourism discourses are essential to the constructed realities of tourism, constituting a ‘poetics of travel’. The fact that Greece is presented as a ‘museum-like’ destination, requires, however, special attention because the exaggerated language of the tourist discourse limits Greece in an eternal “unchanged” present, partly cancelling the potential image of modern progress.
Keywords: postcards, Greece, visual representations, tourist imagery, semiotic analysis, tourism discourse behaviour
JEL Classification: R41, L83, Z39
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Bonarou, C. (2021). The poetics of travel through unravelling visual representations on postcards: A critical semiotics analysis. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 7(1), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4519317
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The influence of eWOM credibility on visit intention: An integrative moderated mediation model
Lamia Nechoud, École Supérieure de Commerce, Algeria, Faouzi Ghidouche, École des Hautes Études Commerciales, Algeria & Hugues Seraphin, University of Winchester, United Kingdom
Published online: 15 February 2021, JTHSM, 7(1), pp.54-63.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-71555-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4521314
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines the process by which eWOM susceptibility moderates the strength of indirect links between the perceived credibility of eWOM messages and the intention to visit a destination via the destination image and the perceived usefulness of these messages.
Methods: The research hypotheses were tested according to structural equations modelling and Hayes procedure, which made it possible to study simultaneously and rigorously the mediating and moderating effects, and to have a clear view on the model fittness.
Results: The results indicate that the mediation links of the destination image on the relationship between perceived credibility and intention to visit a destination, are moderated by the susceptibility of the eWOM (the comments generated by Internet users or the sharing of tourists’ experiences on Facebook). This study also indicates that the relationship between the perceived credibility of the eWOM and the intentions to visit a destination is mediated by the usefulness of the eWOM messages and the destination image.
Implications: Tourism practitioners seeking to attract tourists can use the eWOM as a communication technique for product and/or service recommendations. Given the powerful influence of the eWOM, it should not be ignored or misused, but managed to improve the effectiveness of marketing strategies in hospitality, tourism and travel.
Keywords: perceived credibility, eWOM susceptibility, perceived usefulness, intention to visit, destination image
JEL Classification: L83, M31, Z33
The Influence of eWOM Credibility on Visit Intention: An Integrative Moderated Mediation Model
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Nechoud, L., Ghidouche, F., & Seraphin, H. (2021). The influence of eWOM credibility on visit intention: An integrative moderated mediation model. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 7(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4521314
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Heritage tourism and ethnic identity: A deductive thematic analysis of Jamaican Maroons
Gaunette Sinclair-Maragh, University of Technology, Jamaica, & Shaniel Bernard Simpson, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA
Published online: 15 February 2021, JTHSM, 7(1), pp.64-75.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-71552-3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4521331
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore heritage tourism within the framework of ethnic identity by examining tourism as a tool for promoting ethnic identity and traditions of the Maroons in Jamaica.
Methods: Qualitative research using in-depth interviews was used to collect relevant data. The findings were analyzed using the deductive thematic analysis approach and discussed within the theoretical framework of ethnic identity.
Results: A major deduction of the study is that there are factors that either hinder or promote the Maroon’s identity and traditions. The study concludes that the Maroon’s ethnic identity can be promoted through ethnic tourism which is a form of heritage tourism. This form of tourism facilitates the showcasing of their traditions which is consequently passed on to the younger generation for posterity.
Implications: The findings will be very resourceful to the Maroon communities in Jamaica and across the Caribbean, especially in terms of best practices in preserving their heritage and ethnic identity. It will also inform government and other tourism stakeholders as to their role in providing the necessary resources to enable the preservation of the Maroon’s ethnic identity and traditions.
Keywords: heritage tourism; ethnic identity; ethnic tourism; Jamaican Maroons; African culture, deductive thematic analysis
JEL Classification: C44, L83, Z39
Heritage Tourism and Ethnic Identity: A Deductive Thematic Analysis of Jamaican Maroons
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Sinclair-Maragh, G., & Simpson, S. B. (2021). Heritage tourism and ethnic identity: A deductive thematic analysis of Jamaican Maroons. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 7(1), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4521331
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COMMENTARY:
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The decline of book reviews in tourism discipline
Maximiliano E. Korstanje, University of Palermo, Argentina
Published online: 15 February 2021, JTHSM, 7(1), pp.76-78.
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Korstanje, M. E. (2021). The decline of book reviews in tourism discipline. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 7(1), 76–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4522063
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BOOK REVIEW:
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Tourism Development in post soviet Nations: From communism to capitalism
Maite Echarri Chávez, University of La Habana, Cuba, & Maximiliano E. Korstanje, University of Palermo, Argentina
Published online: 15 February 2021, JTHSM, 7(1), pp.79-80.
Review of: Slocum, S. & Klitsounova, V. (eds). 2020. Tourism Development in Post Soviet Nations: From Communism to Capitalism. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-303030715-8
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Chávez, M. E., & Korstanje, M. E. (2021). Book review of: Tourism Development in post soviet Nations: From communism to capitalism. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 7(1), 79–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4522095
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